Tungsten is a very special metal. It is hard and can cut steel; it is flexible and can be drawn into filaments; it is heat-resistant and can work at high temperatures. Tungsten is called the "backbone of high-end manufacturing" because it plays an important role in many fields, such as machining, aerospace, military defense, electronic information, etc. Tungsten is not found everywhere, it is rare and difficult to replace. So, who has mastered tungsten, who has mastered a strategic advantage.
2023/10/12
Operation of non-ferrous metals industry in 2020 and outlook for 2019
In the face of the complex economic environment at home and abroad and the increasing downward pressure on the domestic economy, the whole industry has conscientiously implemented various policies and measures of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to stabilize growth, adjust the structure, and promote transformation. remarkable results have been achieved in promoting supply-side structural reform, with steady growth in output and obvious improvement in efficiency, and the overall trend of stable operation of the industry. 1. the operation of the non-ferrous metal industry in 2020 (I) output steady growth In 2020, the output of ten non-ferrous metals was 52.83 million tons, an increase of 2.5 percent over the same period last year, ranking first in the world for 15 consecutive years. Among them, the output of refined copper, primary aluminum, lead and zinc were 8.44 million tons, 31.87 million tons, 4.67 million tons and 6.27 million tons respectively, up 6%, 1.3, 5.7 and 2% respectively over the same period last year; the output of copper and aluminum were 20.96 million tons and 57.96 million tons respectively, up 12.5 and 9.7 respectively over the same period last year. (II) benefits improved significantly In 2020, the industry achieved revenue from its main business of 6 trillion yuan, up 5.6 percent year-on-year, and profits of 243 billion yuan, up 34.8 percent year-on-year. Commonly used non-ferrous metal mining and smelting achieved profits of 67.2 billion yuan and 127.5 billion yuan respectively, up 133.6 percent and 18.6 percent respectively over the same period last year, while the profit of aluminum smelting (including alumina, electrolytic aluminum and recycled aluminum) was 22.6 billion yuan, up 21.1 billion yuan from last year. Non-ferrous metal rolling processing realized a profit of 108.2 billion billion yuan, up 14.6 percent from the same period last year. The obvious improvement in industry efficiency is mainly due to the adjustment of structure to promote transformation and increase efficiency, disorderly competition has been curbed, and the relationship between market supply and demand has been improved. (III) prices are gradually improving. In 2020, the average in stock prices of copper, aluminum, lead, and zinc were 380.84 million yuan/ton, 124.91 million yuan/ton, 145.59 million yuan/ton, and 167.29 million yuan/ton, respectively, up -6.5, 3.5, 11.1, and 10.1 year-on-year; the average prices for the first two months of 2017 were, 471.65 million yuan/ton, 133.58 million yuan/ton, 186.54 million yuan/ton and 226.95 million yuan/ton increased by 23.8, 6.9, 28.1 and 35.7 respectively compared with the average price in 2016. Total (IV) imports and exports declined in 2020, and China's total import and export trade of major non-ferrous metals (including trade in gold jewelry and parts) was $117.14 billion billion, down 10.4 percent year-on-year. Among them: imports of 77.11 billion U.S. dollars, down 10.4 percent year-on-year; exports of 40.03 billion U.S. dollars, down 10.3 percent year-on-year. In 2016, China exported 510000 tons of electrolytic aluminum, accounting for 1.6 per cent of domestic production, while aluminum exports were 4.07 million tons, down 3.4 per cent from the same period last year. (V) fixed asset investment fell to stabilize according to the National Bureau of Statistics preliminary statistics, 2020 China's non-ferrous metals industry (including independent gold enterprises) completed fixed asset investment of 668.73 billion yuan, down 6.7 percent year-on-year, the decline narrowed compared to the first three quarters. Among them, private project investment was 546.9 billion billion yuan, down 6.3 percent from the same period last year, 1.1 percentage points lower than in the first three quarters, accounting for 81.8 percent of industry investment. The main problems existing in the 2. The main problems existing in the development of the current industry are: First, the deep processing and application technology research and development are insufficient, and the products have different degrees of poor quality stability and low localization of high-end materials. Second, some varieties of smelting and low-end processing overcapacity, enterprises have long been in a state of small profits and losses. Third, the production costs of enterprises continue to rise, financial costs remain high, and the debt burden is heavy. The main situation facing 3. and the outlook for 2020 The economic environment at home and abroad in 2020 is more complex and severe, the downward pressure on the economy is still greater, and the new normal characteristics of China's economic development are becoming more and more obvious. In the next step, we will focus on transforming the industry's development mode, from scale expansion to optimizing stock and controlling increment, from low-cost resources and factor inputs to innovation-driven, accelerating the development of high-end materials and implementing intelligent manufacturing, and enhancing medium-and long-term growth momentum. Considering the impact of the current rise in coal energy prices and transportation costs and weak investment on the continued recovery of industry efficiency, it is expected that the output of major domestic non-ferrous metal products will maintain a growth of about 4.8 percent in 2020, and the industrial added value of the non-ferrous metal industry will increase by about 5.5 percent year-on-year. Accelerating supply-side reform, removing production capacity, deleveraging, making up for shortcomings, accelerating industry transformation and upgrading, and reducing costs and efficiency will remain the focus of non-ferrous metal industry management in 2020.
2020/10/22
Non-ferrous industry, to strive to become an international standard
It was learned from the 10th Electronic Information Industry Standards Promotion Conference held on January 9 that the National Standardization Management Committee is working with the Chinese Academy of Engineering and other national high-level think tanks to carry out standardization strategy research. This year, my country's standardization strategy action plan ''China Standards 2035 "is of great significance to the development and strength of our non-ferrous industry. It is a normative document that is used and reused by all enterprises or industries to obtain the best order within a certain range, and it is also a manufacturing rule that everyone abides. For international standards, international standards are the internationally accepted technical language and the basis for countries to judge product quality. Once our non-ferrous enterprises or non-ferrous industries have developed their own recognized standards, the technical level and fixed actions of the non-ferrous enterprises or industries will be observed by everyone. From a small point of view, it is beneficial to improve the grade and quality of products, and it also has many benefits to enhance the corporate image; from the national level, it also indicates the improvement of the international image and international status of our non-ferrous enterprises or non-ferrous industries. Establish. Therefore, for the international standards of the non-ferrous industry, of course, whoever formulates them is beneficial to whom; whoever holds the standards will hold the industry and the initiative in market competition. The degree of internationalization of standards is not only related to the transformation and upgrading of the industry, but also related to the international competition of enterprises. As the saying goes: "Third-rate enterprises make products, second-rate enterprises make brands, and first-rate enterprises make standards." Although this statement is open to question, there is still some truth in thinking about it carefully. The competition in today's global market is not only the competition of technology, but also the competition of standards. For example, Intel, a well-known company we are familiar with, has established standards for the central processing unit of personal computers, Microsoft has standards for computer operating systems, and the world's three major credit rating agencies, such as Standard & Poor's, Moody's Investments and Fitch International, have even affected a country's economy. Therefore, these well-known giants are all leaders in the field of standards. At the same time, from these "standard giants", it is not difficult to see the significance of the formulation and implementation of monopoly standards. According to research by the World Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the U.S. Department of Commerce, standards and conformity assessment affect 80% of world trade, of which the world's non-ferrous industry accounts for a large proportion. It can be said that in today's world, the level of standardization has become the basic element of the core competitiveness of various countries and regions. There is an article that says well: Qin Shihuang's great achievement lies not only in the construction of the Great Wall, but also in the unification of China's weights and measures. Napoleon is most proud of his great exploits, but he led the development of the French Civil Code. By the same token, if an enterprise or even a country wants to be in an invincible position in the fierce international competition, if it wants to move towards the middle and high end in the industrial value chain and occupy the commanding heights in the fierce competition, what it needs is to take innovative thinking as the support and become the setter and leader of world standards. Standards are so important, we have learned painful lessons. The well-known DVD fall before and the repeated "anti-dumping" of the United States and the European Union on processed products such as rare earths, aluminum, copper and other processed products from China appear. On the surface, people have very different views on the international standards of products. In fact, behind them is that they block the entry of Chinese products with their so-called standards. In these countries, either accuse Chinese products of not meeting their standards, or the content of some ingredients exceeds the standard, or think that the price of Chinese products is too low, and use the price standards of India and other countries to carry out so-called "anti-dumping" on Chinese products, so as to achieve the purpose of extreme protection of their internal market. When our products face these unprovoked frauds and rogue threats and succeed repeatedly, we lose money, lose the market, and more lose the right to speak for development, and lose our right to compete on an equal footing with them. As a result, we really don't agree. However, in the face of this unequal arrogance, it is one thing for us not to agree. What we need to do is to establish our own standards, let our own standards become international standards, and safeguard our rights. Although there is still a long way to go for the world to recognize it, we must do it. We understand that the degree of internationalization of a company or country's technical standards or the amount of international standards used is not only related to the transformation and upgrading of the industry, but also related to the international competition of the company. In recent years, through our efforts and large investment, we have achieved rapid development in the information technology industry. The new generation of information technology industry represented by artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing has continued to innovate and achieved remarkable results. Behind these brilliance, there is destined to be a standard glory. Nowadays, some "Chinese standards" represent not only the quality of made in China, but also the charm of "created in China". Now China's manufacturing industry not only improves the "hardware" standard of products, that is, the quality standard of materials, but also accelerates the expansion of "software" to digitalization, networking and intelligence. New products, new models and new formats emerge in endlessly, It provides opportunities for the development of national manufacturing industry. He who gets the standard gets the market, and he who sets the standard gets the world. Standing at this new starting point, we must give full play to the leading role of standards, focus on the key and highlight the key points. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that my country's economy has shifted from a stage of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development. It is in a critical period of transforming development mode, optimizing economic structure, and transforming growth momentum. Upgrade, accelerate the development of modern service industries, and aim at the improvement of international standards ". Similarly, the point of the "China Standards 2035" to be issued this year is to do a good job in the development of standards in important fields and basic processes, and at the same time focus on the research of integrated circuits, virtual reality, intelligent and healthy old-age care, 5G key components, and speed up the formulation of basic process standards. This shows that on the one hand, there is still a lot of gap between the enterprise standards, line standards, national standards and international standards in non-ferrous and other industries, and the basic work still needs to spend a lot of energy. First, we should align the national standards, line standards, enterprise standards and other standards with international standards and "fill in and make up". At the same time, in some new fields, especially leading fields, we should dare to be the first and strengthen the investigation of basic research and standard, the catch-up of external standards has become a standard lead. In other words, it is necessary to give full play to the threshold role, leading role, reversing role and normative role of standards, focusing on the R & D and production of new materials and new products and the formulation of new standards, so as to promote the quality improvement of advanced products such as structural materials and functional materials in China. On the other hand, it also shows that we have already made clear the goal of catching up with the standards. In the end, we will use these international standards to cultivate a number of world-class advanced manufacturing clusters, which belongs to the category of "transcendence. If China wants to become a leader in international standards, in addition to extensive participation in economic cooperation and international standardization activities, it is more critical to have advanced concepts and strong technical support, which is destined to be inseparable from innovation. If there is no innovation, just blindly talking about standard guidance, it is destined to become a source of water, a tree without a source, and in the end it will be "empty water with a bamboo basket". Therefore, we must adhere to standard self-confidence, industry self-confidence, attach importance to system construction, quality management and concept innovation, accelerate the "going out" of standards, learn from the advantages and strengths of foreign standards, and continue to strengthen independent research and development of core technologies and break through key technologies as soon as possible. Only by forming our own standard system can we gain the initiative in the use of standards and further compete with world-class companies on the world stage, so as to promote the transformation and upgrading of our country, especially the standards of the non-ferrous industry, to ensure the construction of a strong non-ferrous metal country.
2019/07/23
Basic classification of non-ferrous metals
Copper in non-ferrous metals is one of the earliest metal materials used by humans. Modern non-ferrous metals and their alloys have become indispensable structural and functional materials in the fields of machinery manufacturing, construction, electronics, aerospace, and nuclear energy utilization. In practical applications, non-ferrous metals are usually divided into 5 categories: light metals have a density of less than 4500kg/m3 (0.53~4.5g/cm3), such as aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, etc. The density of heavy metals is greater than 4500kg/m3 (4.5g/cm3), such as copper, nickel, cobalt, lead, zinc, tin, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, mercury, etc. Precious metals are more expensive than commonly used metals, low crustal abundance, difficult to purify, and chemically stable, such as gold, silver and platinum group metals. Semi-metallic properties are between metals and non-metals, such as silicon, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, boron, etc. Rare metals include rare light metals, such as lithium, rubidium, cesium, etc.; rare refractory metals, such as titanium, zirconium, molybdenum, tungsten, etc.; rare dispersed metals, such as gallium, indium, germanium, etc.; rare earth metals, such as scandium, yttrium, and lanthanide Series metals; radioactive metals, such as radium, francium, polonium, and uranium and thorium in the series elements.
2018/12/28
Introduction of Nonferrous Metal Materials
Non-ferrous metals refer to all metals except iron, chromium and manganese. In 1958, China included iron, chromium and manganese in ferrous metals, and 64 metals other than iron, chromium and manganese were included in non-ferrous metals. The 64 non-ferrous metals include: aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, nickel, antimony, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, gold, silver, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, Beryllium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, rhenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium, thorium.
2018/12/28